Physical-chemical and microbiological characterization of water destined to hemodialysis

  • Yohanna Mayelle Gomes Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental. Centro Tecnológico. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Avenida Fernando Ferrari, n° 514, CEP: 29075-910, Vitória, ES. Brazil.
  • Rodrigo Barcellos Campos Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental. Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Avenida Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n° 21, CEP: 29102-920, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
  • Aquiles Melchior Sant’ana Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas. Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Alameda da Universidade, s/n, CEP: 09606-045, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
  • Regina De Pinho Keller Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental. Centro Tecnológico. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Avenida Fernando Ferrari, n° 514, CEP: 29075-910, Vitória, ES. Brazil.
  • Servio Tulio Alves Cassini Laboratório de Caracterização Ambiental. Centro de Pesquisa, Inovação e Desenvolvimento (CPID), Ladeira Eliezer Batista, s/n, CEP: 29140-500, Cariacica, ES, Brazil.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2962

Abstract

This research evaluated the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters of water and dialysate in four distinct hemodialysis units located in the southeast region of Brazil. The physical-chemical parameters evaluated were pH, electric conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, free chlorine, nitrate, fluoride, chloride, sulfate, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium ion concentrations. Microcystin was also quantified. The microbiological parameters evaluated were the detection of total coliform, total heterotrophic bacteria count (THB), and the isolation and identification of microorganisms in pre-reverse osmosis treatment and post-reverse osmosis treatment water samples and dialysate. The nitrate, fluoride and THB levels found in the water samples may present risk to the patient under hemodialysis treatment. Microcystin was detected in one of the potable water samples. Microorganisms were identified throughout the hemodialysis of the entire water treatment system, with Ralstonia sp. being the most frequent. The presence of emergent pathogenic bacteria highlighted in this study highlights the necessity of microbiological monitoring of water destined for hemodialysis.

Keywords: dialysate, hemodialysis, water treatment.


Published
07/05/2024
Issue
Vol. 19 (2024)
Section
Papers

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