Evaluation of the efficiency of excavated structures for sediment containment at the Sapo Mine in Conceição Do Mato Dentro, Santo Antônio River basin, Minas Gerais

Abstract

Given the challenges posed by water erosion and sediment transport associated with mining activities, it is essential to give due importance to sediment containment, as sediments are potential generators of environmental impacts in river basins and associated socio-environmental conflicts. This study evaluated the use of excavated structures for sediment containment and the effective implementation of the 2024 Rainfall Plan at the Sapo Mine, owned by Anglo American, located in the Santo Antônio River basin, in the municipality of Conceição do Mato Dentro, Minas Gerais. The main objective was to evaluate the plan's effectiveness in containing sediments, protecting the basin's water bodies, and ensuring the continuity of mining operations. Data acquisition was carried out through bibliographic surveys, analysis of meteorological and hydrological data, local assessments, topographic, bathymetric, and water quality monitoring, using drones and specific software for spatial and volumetric analysis of sediments. The results showed that the implemented structures contributed significantly to the reduction of turbidity and sediment retention during intense rainfall events. The measured sedimentation rate exceeded recommendations during critical periods, reinforcing the need for frequent maintenance. It is concluded that the excavated structures implemented in the mine contributed decisively to the success of the 2024 Rain Plan, demonstrating effectiveness in containing and mitigating the environmental and operational impacts of the mine, ensuring the sustainability of water management and compliance with environmental standards.

Keywords: mine drainage, sediment containment, surface water.