Environmental toxicity of effluents of different laboratories of a compounding pharmacy

Abstract

There is a growing concern over so-called "emerging pollutants" in the production of pharmaceuticals. These pollutants reach the environment from household waste or from leftovers generated during production. In small concentrations of the order of micrograms per liter or less, or in concentrations ineffective at producing a biological response in humans in the short-term, chronic exposure can still have a great impact on the environment. This study evaluated the possible risk of contamination posed by the release of raw materials from small-scale drug production by compounding pharmacies, based on an ecotoxicity assessment conducted by biomonitoring Euglena gracilis algae. The study also investigated the impacts on behavior and the changes in the photosynthesis process of this algae. Samples of four laboratories with different demands were comparatively analyzed. Behavioral changes of the algae (ascent rate to the surface, r-value and speed of movement) were assessed by biomonitoring NG-TOX and photosynthetic parameters were measured by pulse-amplitude modulation fluorometer (PAM). The results showed that the effluent from hormone laboratory that had a low semestral production had little impact. On another hand, the effluent from the psychotropics laboratory, even with intermediate demand, had a significant impact on the behavior and photosynthetic activity of algae. The behavior differences observed between the different sectors of drugs shows that the impacts and potential environmental risks are different for each sector. The demand and the different substances manipulated can be crucial in risk classification and in the choice of decontamination methods.